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NaHCO₃

Also known as baking soda and bicarbonate of soda, sodium bicarbonate (or sodium hydrogen carbonate) is a soluble white anhydrous or crystalline chemical compound having slight alkaline taste which resembles sodium carbonate. Sodium bicarbonate is found in most of the mineral springs and can also be produced artificially.

Sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide and water if exposed to an acid.

NaHCO₃ + HCl = NaCl + H₂O + CO₂ (gas)
NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH = CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂ (gas)

If the temperature is above 60°C, sodium bicarbonate gradually decomposes into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide.

2NaHCO₃ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Uses of Sodium Bicarbonate

• As a leavening in breads.
• As an antacid for upset stomachs.*
• As a mild abrasive in toothpaste.
• As an odor absorber.
• As a fire suppression agent ("BC powder") in some dry powder fire extinguishers.
• Formerly, as a source of carbon dioxide for soda water.
• As an endurance enhancer.

*Only required dose should be used. Excess consumption can raise blood pH. It should always and only be consumed in solution with water.

Safety with Sodium Bicarbonate

The following symptoms require the consultation of a doctor immediately:

• Severe headache
• Upset stomach
• Vomit that resembles coffee grounds
• Loss of appetite
• Irritability
• Weakness
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Slow breathing
• Swelling of feet or lower legs
• Bloody, black, or tarry stools
• Blood in your urine